2 December 24, 2023
Articles
1. Oleg O. Grom
National Issue in Bessarabia in the Pages of Newspaper “Bessarabets”, 1897–1905
Russkaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 58-68.
Number of views: 64 Download in PDF
2. Sergei A. KropachevRusskaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 58-68.
Abstract:
The article deals with the analysis of the texts on the national issue, published in Kishinev newspaper “Bessarabets” (1897–1905), the only commercial private newspaper in Bessarabia, edited by famous right-wing publicist and political activist Pavel Krushevan. Over the 9 years, its political orientation evolved from the moderate to the right-wing radical and anti-Semitic. An important topic in “Bessarabets” was the Jewish question, which Krushevan treated as a set of moral, ethical and religious premises that led to “Jewish dominance” in the spheres of trade, industry and the press in the provinces of the Pale of Settlement. He saw the ideal solution to the Jewish question in the voluntary assimilation and Christianization of Jews, but at the same time he did not actually believe in the reality of such a scenario. The newspaper also covered the Moldovan issue. Krushevan saw the future of the Moldovans also in Russification. He considered their “spiritual amalgamation” with the Russians to be an accomplished fact. At the same time, Krushevan opposed forcing the “superficial” linguistic Russification. However, not all newspaper’s correspondents shared his opinion.
The article deals with the analysis of the texts on the national issue, published in Kishinev newspaper “Bessarabets” (1897–1905), the only commercial private newspaper in Bessarabia, edited by famous right-wing publicist and political activist Pavel Krushevan. Over the 9 years, its political orientation evolved from the moderate to the right-wing radical and anti-Semitic. An important topic in “Bessarabets” was the Jewish question, which Krushevan treated as a set of moral, ethical and religious premises that led to “Jewish dominance” in the spheres of trade, industry and the press in the provinces of the Pale of Settlement. He saw the ideal solution to the Jewish question in the voluntary assimilation and Christianization of Jews, but at the same time he did not actually believe in the reality of such a scenario. The newspaper also covered the Moldovan issue. Krushevan saw the future of the Moldovans also in Russification. He considered their “spiritual amalgamation” with the Russians to be an accomplished fact. At the same time, Krushevan opposed forcing the “superficial” linguistic Russification. However, not all newspaper’s correspondents shared his opinion.
Number of views: 64 Download in PDF
The Russian Nation and Its Ethnic Groups in the Late 19th – First Quarter of the 20th Century: Historical and Demographic Analysis
Russkaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 69-77.
Number of views: 59 Download in PDF
3. Evgeny F. KrinkoRusskaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 69-77.
Abstract:
The article deals with the ethnic groups of Russians of the late 19th – first quarter of the 20th century. The author divides all local groups of Russians into ethno-territorial, ethno-class, ethno-confessional and ethnographic. They were formed in the context of the development of territorial-economic and historical-cultural clusters: Southern and Central Russian, Northern Russian, Siberian, Far Eastern and Central Asian. Subethnic groups of Russians had to adapt to different climatic conditions, perceive the way of life and a new type of economy management, elements of the material culture of the aboriginal peoples. The degree of proximity to the latter was different, from self-isolation to close contacts and the conclusion of mixed marriages. At the same time, as a rule, Russians retained their language, cultural elements, ethnic identity and other basic values. The article presents demographic indicators of local groups of Russians of the late 19th – first quarter of the 20th century.
The article deals with the ethnic groups of Russians of the late 19th – first quarter of the 20th century. The author divides all local groups of Russians into ethno-territorial, ethno-class, ethno-confessional and ethnographic. They were formed in the context of the development of territorial-economic and historical-cultural clusters: Southern and Central Russian, Northern Russian, Siberian, Far Eastern and Central Asian. Subethnic groups of Russians had to adapt to different climatic conditions, perceive the way of life and a new type of economy management, elements of the material culture of the aboriginal peoples. The degree of proximity to the latter was different, from self-isolation to close contacts and the conclusion of mixed marriages. At the same time, as a rule, Russians retained their language, cultural elements, ethnic identity and other basic values. The article presents demographic indicators of local groups of Russians of the late 19th – first quarter of the 20th century.
Number of views: 59 Download in PDF
Problems of Soviet History in Modern Azerbaijani Historiography
Russkaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 78-91.
Number of views: 54 Download in PDF
4. Nicholas W. Mitiukov, Yury L. KimRusskaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 78-91.
Abstract:
The article deals with the understanding of Soviet history in modern Azerbaijani historiography. The main historiographical sources are generalizing and special works of modern Azerbaijani historians. The main attention was paid to: 1) the establishment of Soviet power in 1920, 2) general assessment of the Soviet period in the history of Azerbaijan, 3) anti-Soviet uprisings and political repressions, 4) economic and sociocultural transformations during the years of the Soviet power. The author relies on the principle of historicism, considering the processes and events that took place and their reflection in historiographic sources, taking into account the observance of time sequence, in dynamics and in the general context of the development of modern historiography. The methods of logical and historiographic analysis, as well as comparative historical and problem-chronological methods have been applied during the research. The rejection of a uniform Marxist paradigm in the Azerbaijani historical science is accompanied by a return to positivism and the emergence of conspiracy theories in explaining the past. Along with this, new themes and subjects have appeared in Azerbaijani historiography due to the expansion of the source base and the emergence of new approaches.
The article deals with the understanding of Soviet history in modern Azerbaijani historiography. The main historiographical sources are generalizing and special works of modern Azerbaijani historians. The main attention was paid to: 1) the establishment of Soviet power in 1920, 2) general assessment of the Soviet period in the history of Azerbaijan, 3) anti-Soviet uprisings and political repressions, 4) economic and sociocultural transformations during the years of the Soviet power. The author relies on the principle of historicism, considering the processes and events that took place and their reflection in historiographic sources, taking into account the observance of time sequence, in dynamics and in the general context of the development of modern historiography. The methods of logical and historiographic analysis, as well as comparative historical and problem-chronological methods have been applied during the research. The rejection of a uniform Marxist paradigm in the Azerbaijani historical science is accompanied by a return to positivism and the emergence of conspiracy theories in explaining the past. Along with this, new themes and subjects have appeared in Azerbaijani historiography due to the expansion of the source base and the emergence of new approaches.
Number of views: 54 Download in PDF
Fleet of the Sarapul Tannery (Plant), 1941–1956
Russkaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 92-98.
Number of views: 50 Download in PDF
5. Mikhail V. PogrebovskyRusskaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 92-98.
Abstract:
With the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, the Sarapul tannery switched to fulfilling military orders. Since the loss of Donbass made it difficult to supply imported coal, firewood had to be used as the main energy source for production, which had to be transported along the Kama River 20-30 km away. At the end of 1941, to solve the problem of transporting firewood, the company began the construction of the “Kozhkombinat” boat. In 1948, a wooden barge was built for the same purpose, which was listed until 1954. Since for the mentioned years in the report of the enterprise there are no corresponding sums used to increase the balance sheet, it can be concluded that both vessels were built by their own efforts. Since the Leather Plant is not the only enterprise in the city engaged in shipbuilding, this makes it possible to identify Sarapul in 1930–1940s as a shipbuilding center on the Kama. In the second half of the war, the plant began to switch to Kuzbass coal, and its own water transport began to lose relevance. This is clearly demonstrated by the cost figures for ships’s expuatation: if at the beginning of the war the plant spent about 40 thousand rubles per year, then by the end of the war this amount decreased by half. Judging by the reports of the enterprise, it tried to use the fleet for transportation of hay, building materials and other cargoes, but finally in 1956 it was decided to give up the own fleet.
With the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, the Sarapul tannery switched to fulfilling military orders. Since the loss of Donbass made it difficult to supply imported coal, firewood had to be used as the main energy source for production, which had to be transported along the Kama River 20-30 km away. At the end of 1941, to solve the problem of transporting firewood, the company began the construction of the “Kozhkombinat” boat. In 1948, a wooden barge was built for the same purpose, which was listed until 1954. Since for the mentioned years in the report of the enterprise there are no corresponding sums used to increase the balance sheet, it can be concluded that both vessels were built by their own efforts. Since the Leather Plant is not the only enterprise in the city engaged in shipbuilding, this makes it possible to identify Sarapul in 1930–1940s as a shipbuilding center on the Kama. In the second half of the war, the plant began to switch to Kuzbass coal, and its own water transport began to lose relevance. This is clearly demonstrated by the cost figures for ships’s expuatation: if at the beginning of the war the plant spent about 40 thousand rubles per year, then by the end of the war this amount decreased by half. Judging by the reports of the enterprise, it tried to use the fleet for transportation of hay, building materials and other cargoes, but finally in 1956 it was decided to give up the own fleet.
Number of views: 50 Download in PDF
Russian Historiography of Cossack Collaborationism during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945
Russkaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 99-111.
Number of views: 52 Download in PDF
6. Elizaveta N. SedakovaRusskaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 99-111.
Abstract:
The article analyzes the modern Russian historiography of Cossack collaborationism during the Great Patriotic War. The main historiographical sources are monographs, dissertations and scientific articles written by Russian historians. The interest in this topic arose in the late 1990s, but since the beginning of the 2010s there has been a decline in the research attention to the Cossack collaborationism. In Russian historiography, the political and military activities of the Cossack emigration, the history of the creation, functioning, and disbandment of the largest Cossack collaborationist formations have been studied in sufficient detail: the Cossack camp of marching atamans S.V. Pavlov and T.I. Domanov, 1st Cossack Cavalry Division and 15th SS Cossack Cavalry Corps under General H. von Pannwitz. The most promising areas for further study of Cossack collaboration are the actions of Cossack collaborators on the territory of Ukraine, Belarus and European countries.
The article analyzes the modern Russian historiography of Cossack collaborationism during the Great Patriotic War. The main historiographical sources are monographs, dissertations and scientific articles written by Russian historians. The interest in this topic arose in the late 1990s, but since the beginning of the 2010s there has been a decline in the research attention to the Cossack collaborationism. In Russian historiography, the political and military activities of the Cossack emigration, the history of the creation, functioning, and disbandment of the largest Cossack collaborationist formations have been studied in sufficient detail: the Cossack camp of marching atamans S.V. Pavlov and T.I. Domanov, 1st Cossack Cavalry Division and 15th SS Cossack Cavalry Corps under General H. von Pannwitz. The most promising areas for further study of Cossack collaboration are the actions of Cossack collaborators on the territory of Ukraine, Belarus and European countries.
Number of views: 52 Download in PDF
Military Burials of the Great Patriotic War in the Territory of the Historical Necropolis of Taganrog
Russkaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 112-121.
Number of views: 63 Download in PDF
7. Russkaya Starina. 2023. 14(2): 112-121.
Abstract:
The article deals with the military burials of the Great Patriotic War in the territory of the Old Cemetery of Taganrog, Rostov region. The purpose of this work is to characterize the common graves of the Great Patriotic War through the use of data from burial records, reports of irretrievable losses as well as to identify their current state. The possible reasons for the discrepancy between the data on the number of buried Red Army soldiers in the old and new registration cards are presented. In addition, misspelled names in various documents are analyzed. As a result of the study, the problems and prospects for further study of military graves in the historical necropolis of Taganrog have been identified.
The article deals with the military burials of the Great Patriotic War in the territory of the Old Cemetery of Taganrog, Rostov region. The purpose of this work is to characterize the common graves of the Great Patriotic War through the use of data from burial records, reports of irretrievable losses as well as to identify their current state. The possible reasons for the discrepancy between the data on the number of buried Red Army soldiers in the old and new registration cards are presented. In addition, misspelled names in various documents are analyzed. As a result of the study, the problems and prospects for further study of military graves in the historical necropolis of Taganrog have been identified.
Number of views: 63 Download in PDF